TEXTBOOK OF ANIMAL SCIENCE (As Per ICAR UG Syllabus) by unknow

Author:unknow
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Mint Associates Ltd
Published: 0101-01-01T00:00:00+00:00

UNIT-9

Control of Diseases

SANITATION AND DISINFECTION

Disease is the condition in which the animal will not be at ease; it shows physiological, anatomical or biochemical changes from the normal. Health, on the other hand, is the state or condition of the animal in harmony with the environment; in simple terms, animal at ease.

1. Factors affecting health of farm animals

There are different factors affecting the health status of all animals. Some of the important factors that affect health of farm animals are:

1. Extreme climatic conditions without suitable remedial measures.

2. Faulty housing facility: this includes overcrowding, slippery/ improper flooring, mixing of age groups and improper drainage.

3. Faulty health management: improper sanitation and disinfection, and improper vaccination schedule.

4. Faulty feeding: not providing suitable quantity of ration of recommended composition / quality leads to nutritional deficiency diseases. In addition, contaminants and/or toxicants in feed and rarely excess feeding also leads to the incidence of diseases. Intake of unclean water also pre-disposes animal to diseases.

5. Lack of proper exercise and inhibition of normal behavioral patterns are other important factors leading to severe stress and the incidence of diseases in animals.

2. General requirements

The following list provides the important aspects to be borne in mind to maintain optimum health status in any herd/flock.

1. Nutritionally adequate (balanced), easily digestible and palatable feed in divided doses and at regular timings (intervals).

2. Adequate cleaning and disinfection of the farm premises, equipment, water and livestock

3. Hygienic habits of personnel attending on the animals

4. Strict adherence to routine vaccination

5. Avoid exposure to extreme climate. Provide adequate warmth during cold weather and vice versa. In either case, avoid exposure to too much bright light.

6. Culling of weak animals in the herd/flock. It is a better practice to cull all the weak animals in the farm. Weak animals have poor growth rate and limited resistance to diseases and hence, are more susceptible to infections than other animals.

7. Control of ticks and other vectors.

8. First-aid kit must be available always. In case of emergency, prompt first aid measures should be followed.

9. In case of hemorrhage, tourniquet to be applied and ice packs used to stop bleeding.

10. Assist in respiration in case of difficulty in breathing.

3. Care and management of sick animals

Sick animals need extra care and attention when compared to healthy ones. This will help in faster recovery from the illness. A veterinarian has to be requested to visit the animal facility to inspect, diagnose and suggest remedial measure(s).

3.1. Sick animal management

The following general precautions can be undertaken whenever sick animal(s) are identified in the farm:

1. Isolation – separate the sick animals from the group to a separate shed (sick animal shed).

2. Movement of people to be restricted - Attendants looking after sick animals should never be allowed to handle healthy animals. The sick animals have to be attended as often as possible.

3. Provide adequate bedding material on the floor of the shed so as to improve the comfort of the sick animal.

4. Follow strict sanitary conditions.

5. Provide fresh, clean drinking water.

6. If the disease is a

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.